THE EFFECT OF THE DURATION OF GADGET PLAYING ON THE EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IN THE KIDS ROOM OF MOJOWARNO KRISTEN HOSPITAL

Many parents thought that gadgets could be safe and easy to supervise playmates. In fact, if viewed from the point of view of mental health science, the natural growth and development process experienced by children can be disrupted due to the use of gadgets, including children's emotional development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the duration of playing gadgets on children's emotional development. The research design used correlation analytic with cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all children aged 1 -5 years in the Children's Room, Mojowarno Hospital, a total of 34 children with purposive sampling technique obtained a sample of 32 respondents. The research instrument is a questionnaire on the duration of the use of gadgets and a Questionnaire for Mental Emotional Problems, the data were analyzed by Spearman Rho Test. The results showed that most of the children used gadgets in the moderate category (60-120 minutes) a day, namely 19 children (69.4%), almost all children did not experience emotional development disorders, namely 28 children (87.5%). The results of the analysis with the Spearman Rho test showed that p-value = 0.001 or less than (0.05) and r-value = - 0.552 so that there was a relationship between the duration of using gadgets and the emotional development of children at Mojowarno Christian Hospital where the longer they use gadgets, the more they experience children's emotional development disorders. This was because by using gadgets excessively, children would lack empathy and concern for the surrounding environment, sometimes children cry and got angry for no reason if their wishes are not obeyed, especially if they asked to play gadgets. It was hoped that health workers could provide direction or education to parents who had toddlers on how to wisely introduce gadgets to childre

On The Toric Ideals of the Coloured Graphs of Reduced Words

We study a family $\mathcal{B}$ of pseudo-multipartite graphs indexed by staircase partitions. They are realised from the reduced words of certain class of permutations. We investigate the vertex proper colouring of these graphs and give the general chromatic polynomial. For each member $B_{\lambda}$, we construct an affine toric ideal $\mathcal{I}_{B_{\lambda}}$ associated to vertex proper colouring using partition identity. It turns out that the projective version $\mathcal{V}(\mathcal{I}_{B_{\lambda}})$ is realised from the cartoon diagram associated with the vertex proper colouring

Peran Konseling Kristen Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Remaja Umur 10-24 Tahun

Masa remaja adalah masa peralihan seorang yang dari awalnya anak-anak kemudian bertumbuh menjadi dewasa, tetapi dalam masa ini belum bisa di sebut sebagai masa anak-anak atau masa remaja.  Karena masa ini seorang remaja belum matang sepenuhnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dimana penulis mencari berbagai informasi mengenai peran konseling membentuk karakter remaja  yang dimana menjelaskan tentang hal tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membentuk karakter seorang remaja menjadi karakter yang sehat secara jasmani maupun rohani melalui peran konseling. Peran konseling dalam pembentukan karakter sangat penting karena remaja harus membutuhkan bimbingan seseorang untuk mendampinginya agar tidak ke jalan yang salah, maka dari itu peran konseling hadir

Cohomological consequences of the pattern map

Billey and Braden defined maps on flag manifolds that are the geometric counterpart of permutation patterns. A section of their pattern map is an embedding of the flag manifold of a Levi subgroup into the full flag manifold. We give two expressions for the induced map on cohomology. One is in terms of generators and the other is in terms of the Schubert basis. We show that the coefficients in the second expression are naturally Schubert structure constants and therefore positive. These formulas also hold for K-theory, and generalize known formulas in type A for cohomology and K-theory.Comment: 10 pages, minors typos correcte

Shop Types and Health Challenges of Foodstuff Traders in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

The study examined possible effects of shop types and market environment on the health conditions of food traders in Bodija market with a view to proposing strategies to ameliorate the health consequences of the market on these traders. Both primary and secondary data were sourced for the study. Systematic random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 186 (15%) of foodstuff sellers in Bodija market. A set of pretested questionnaire was used in obtaining relevant data from sampled sellers. Self-observation and in-depth interviews were also used in collecting primary data. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics(Chi-square at p≤0.05). Three types of shops were identified: lock-up shop (26.3%), open shop (61.3) and hawking (12.4%). Hawkers recorded the highest proportion of traders that had headache daily (17.39%) against lock-up shop (16.33%) and open shop (154.91%) and those that experienced headache once a week (43.48% against 26.53% for lock-up shop and 21.05% for open shop). Higher proportion (30.43%) of hawkers of foodstuff traders than traders in open shop (23.68%) and lock-up shop (16.33%) experienced fatigue several times a week which might be due to the distance covered in selling their goods. Investigations also revealed that open shop foodstuff traders experienced malaria more on a daily basis (2.63%), once a week (10.53%) and Several times a week (2.63%) than other shop structure traders among other variations. Keywords: Market Environment, Lock-up shop, Open Shop, Hawking, Health Challenges, Food Traders, Bodija Market

렙틴에 의한 백색 지방 세포 및 심장 근육 세포에서의 지방산 대사에 대한 SENP2 의 역할

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 의과대학 의학과, 2021.8. 박경수.In chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, increase of fatty acids in the blood and accumulation of fat in non-adipose tissues may worsen insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and lead to dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Leptin is an adipokine secreted from adipose tissue, which suppresses appetite from hypothalamus and increases fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in peripheral tissues. Although leptin was known to increase FAO through AMPK activation in skeletal muscle, it was recently found to increase FAO through the SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2)-PPAR pathway. However, it is not known whether SENP2 is involved in the effects of leptin in other tissues, such as adipose tissue and cardiac muscle. In this study, I investigated the role of SENP2 on fatty acid metabolism by leptin in white adipocyte 3T3-L1 and cardiomyotube H9C2, as well as in adipocyte-specific SENP2 knock-out (SENP2 aKO) mice model. When adipocytes and cardiomyotubes were treated with leptin, phospho-STAT3 and phospho-AMPK increased, and SENP2 expression also increased. In addition, expressions of FAO-associated genes, such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (CPT1b) and long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 1 (ACSL1) increased. AMPK and SENP2 knock-down experiments using small interfering ribonucleic acid showed that increase of FAO by leptin in adipocytes and cardiomyotubes was regulated by the AMPK pathway during the initial several hours, whereas the increase at 24 h was mainly dependent on the SENP2 pathway. Moreover, following the intraperitoneal injection of leptin into SENP2 aKO mice, FAO of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue and their levels of CPT1b and ACSL1 were not increased at 24 h after leptin injection, whereas soleus muscle and heart were not affected by knock-out and showed increase in FAO and FAO-related genes by leptin. Furthermore, SENP2 increased binding of PPARs on PPRE sites of CPT1b and ACSL1 promoters upon leptin treatment, which mediated prolonged increase of FAO. Overall, the results of this study suggest that SENP2 plays an important role in leptin-induced fatty acid metabolism in white adipose tissue and cardiac muscle.제 2 형 당뇨병 및 비만과 같은 만성 대사질환에서의 혈액 내 지방산의 증가와 비지방조직의 지방 축적은 말초 조직의 인슐린 저항성을 악화시키고, 췌장 베타세포의 기능 장애를 유발할 수 있다. 렙틴은 지방조직에서 분비되는 아디포카인으로 시상하부에서 식욕을 억제할 뿐 아니라 말초조직에서 지방산 산화를 증가시킨다. 렙틴은 골격근에서 AMPK 활성화를 통해 지방산 산화를 증가시킨다고 알려져 있었으나 최근 SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2)-PPAR 경로를 통해 지방산 산화를 증가시키는 것이 밝혀졌다. 그러나 지방조직과 심장근육 등 다른 조직에서 렙틴의 효과에 SENP2 가 관여하는지는 알려져 있지 않다. 저자는 본 연구에서 백색 지방 세포인 3T3-L1 과 심장 근육 세포인 H9C2 에서, 그리고 지방 세포 특이적 SENP2 유전자가 제거된 녹아웃 쥐 모델에서 렙틴에 의한 지방산 대사 효과 중 SENP2 의 역할을 연구하였다. 지방 세포와 심장 근육 세포를 렙틴으로 처리하면 STAT3 및 AMPK 의 인산화 발현이 증가하였으며 SENP2 의 발현도 증가하였다. 또한 CPT1b, ACSL1 과 같은 지방산 산화 관련 유전자들의 발현이 증가하였다. siRNA 를 이용한 AMPK 와 SENP2 녹다운 실험을 통해 지방 세포 및 심장 근육 세포에서의 렙틴에 의한 지방산 산화의 증가는 초기 수시간동안은 AMPK 경로에 의해 조절되는 반면, 24 시간째 증가는 주로 SENP2 경로 의존적임을 알 수 있었다. 더불어, 지방 세포 특이적 SENP2 녹아웃 쥐에 렙틴을 복강 내 주입한 결과, 내장 지방 조직 및 피하 지방 조직의 지방산 산화와 CPT1b 및 ACSL1 의 수준은 24 시간의 렙틴 처리에 의해 증가하지 않는 반면, 가자미 근과 심장은 녹아웃의 영향을 받지 않았으며 렙틴에 의한 지방산 산화 그리고 지방산 산화 관련 유전자들의 증가를 보였다. 더 나아가, SENP2 는 렙틴 처리 시 CPT1b 및 ACSL1 프로모터의 PPRE 부위에 대한 PPAR 의 결합을 증가시켜 FAO의 장기간 증가를 중재하여 성립시켰다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 백색 지방 및 심장 근육에서 렙틴에 의해 유도된 지방산 대사에 있어서 SENP2 가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.Abstract 1 Contents 3 List of Tables and Figures 4 List of Abbreviations 6 Introduction 7 Materials and Methods 14 Results 20 Discussion 59 Bibliography 65 Abstract in Korean 72 Acknowledgement 74석

The transmission of stock volatility shocks between the South African and selected African stock markets

Abstract : African stock markets have always received less attention in the literature. Regardless of being deemed small, segmented and illiquid, it will be useful to global investors and interested stakeholders to investigate the dynamics in these stock markets. Given this background, this study investigates the relationship that exists between the South African stock market and selected African stock markets. The study utilizes monthly data between February 2002 and July 2018. Monthly data is deemed appropriate as opposed to daily data which contains too much noise. To establish if long run equilibrium exists between these stock markets the study employs the Johansen test within a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework. For subsequent analysis, the linear Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and the Markov-Switching VECM (MS-VECM) are employed to explain the long run relationship between the South African stock market and the selected African stock markets. The Granger causality test establishes if any causal links exist among African stock markets. Results indicate that cointegration indeed exists between South Africa and selected stock markets, although in a weak form. A comparison between the linear VECM and MS-VECM establishes that MS-VECM outperforms the linear VECM as the model’s transition probabilities capture every transition change in the stock market data. A weak form of cointegration suggests that these stock markets jointly offer potential gains for diversified portfolio investments at all time scales. Therefore, international investors should not only target emerging and other international markets, but also these African stock markets if they are to reap long run returns from diversified investment.M.Com. (Financial Economics

Financial structure and economic growth nexus: comparisons of banks, financial markets and economic growth in South Africa

The importance of the financial structure system, which comprises the banking sector and financial markets, to the growth of a country’s economy cannot be underestimated. It is important to analyse comparatively the contribution of each sector to the economic growth of a country. This study, therefore, empirically examined the relationship between financial markets, banks and economic growth in South Africa using time series analysis for the period 1990 to 2011. The study used the Vector Error Correction model (VECM) based causality tests to establish the link between financial structure (represented by both banks and financial markets) and economic growth. Real GDP was used as a measure for economic growth, Bank credit to the private sector was used as a proxy for the banking system, turnover ratio and value of shares traded was used as a measure for the stock market and bond market capitalisation was used as a measure for the bond market. To determine the net effects of financial structure on long run growth in South Africa, one control variable was added which was the ratio of government expenditure to GDP to control for the government’s role in the economy. The Johansen co-integration technique was also employed to obtain a long run relationship. The results from the study revealed that the stock turnover ratio, bond market capitalisation, and government expenditure have a long run relationship with economic growth while bank credit to private sector and value of shares traded showed a negative relationship with economic growth. With granger causality all the variables proved to granger cause economic growth except for bond market capitalisation where economic growth prove to granger cause bond market development. The study recommended that measures to improve liquidity, transparency and accessibility of both the banking sector and financial markets instruments should be a priority for South African authorities. The authorities should, therefore, encourage stock market development through an appropriate mix of taxes, legal and regulatory policies to remove barriers to stock market operations and thus enhance their efficiency since stock markets in Africa are underdeveloped. Strong financial regulation and supervision in banks to ensure efficiency in credit allocation should be done to enable channelling of credits to capital development rather than consumption spending

GENDER AND LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR: A CASE STUDY OF OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA

Although women make up the majority of the local work force, they tend to be concentrated in lower grades and are underrepresented at senior management level Wilson (2002). The phenomenon of overrating men and underrating women job candidates appears to be widespread. There is a need to assess the leadership behavior of both sexes in senior management level to ascertain which of the gender is task-oriented or relationship-oriented to ascertain who has a well balanced approach of leadership behavior. The study adopted a case study research design. Using an adopted and pilot–tested questionnaire, data were collected from the sample of 65 respondents who are Heads of Departments and were selected using proportional sampling technique from each faculty, in Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) respectively. Data were analysed using simple percentage. The results showed that the men are more task-oriented while the women are more relationship-oriented and are still able to carry out their task effectively. Thus, it was recommended that more concerns should be shown to more involvement of women in senior management position. An institution grows and thrives better when the subordinates feels that they are part of the organization and their contribution counts.   Article visualizations